Public Health Issue #1: Cardiovascular Disease
Cardiovascular diseases — primarily heart disease and stroke — are the leading global cause of death, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Common heart diseases include coronary artery disease, arrhythmia, and cerebrovascular disease.
Health factors that contribute to heart disease include:
- High blood pressure
- Elevated glucose levels
- Raised lipid levels
The concentration of fat in the truncal area is connected to the buildup of plaque in arteries, which creates increased risks for cardiovascular disease. One recent study found that heart attack patients with abdominal obesity were more likely to have recurring atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
The instance of heart disease in obese patients can be addressed through public health programs that aim to improve diet and exercise habits and promote weight loss. These programs educate community members on risks such as:
- Dangers of eating energy-dense foods with high fat and sugar contents
- Health impacts of physical inactivity
- Cardiovascular risks related to smoking
Public health programs may also identify high-risk members of the community. They connect these clients with healthcare resources, including treatment, medication, and counseling.
Public Health Issue #2: Type 2 Diabetes
Diabetes is another top cause of death worldwide. The condition occurs when the pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin (Type 1 diabetes) or when the body cannot process insulin (Type 2 diabetes).
Of the 34 million U.S. residents with diabetes, more than 90% have Type 2 diabetes, according to the CDC. One in five diabetes patients don’t know they have the disease.
Over time, diabetes may cause damage to the:
- Heart
- Eyes
- Kidneys
- Nerves
- Blood vessels
Abdominal obesity is connected to a number of metabolic disorders including insulin sensitivity and glucose intolerance, two key factors in the development of diabetes. Obesity can also increase the risk of complications from diabetes such as diabetic neuropathy.
In addition to advising populations on the benefits of consuming nutrient-rich foods and getting regular exercise, public health programs can help reduce instances of diabetes and diabetes-related conditions through regular health screenings. Early diagnosis is key to preventing and treating diabetes.